Chapter 9

1
Exod 9:13, Exod 3:18, Exod 4:22-23, Exod 5:1, Exod 8:1, Exod 8:20, Exod 10:3


2
Exod 4:23, Exod 8:2, Exod 10:4; Lev 26:14-16, Lev 26:23-24, Lev 26:27-28; Ps 7:11-12, Ps 68:21; Isa 1:20; Rom 2:8; Rev 2:21-22, Rev 16:9


3
the hand Exod 7:4, Exod 8:19; 1Sam 5:6-11, 1Sam 6:9; Acts 13:11

murrain We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93. Exod 5:3


4
Exod 8:22, Exod 10:23, Exod 12:13; Isa 65:13-14; Mal 3:18


5
a set time Exod 9:18, Exod 8:23, Exod 10:4; Num 16:5; Job 24:1; Eccl 3:1-11; Jer 28:16-17; Matt 27:63-64


6
Exod 9:19, Exod 9:25; Ps 78:48, Ps 78:50


7
the heart Exod 9:12, Exod 7:14, Exod 8:32; Job 9:4; Prov 29:1; Isa 48:4; Dan 5:20; Rom 9:18


8
Take to This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106. Exod 8:16


9
a boil Lev 13:18-20; Deut 28:27, Deut 28:35; Job 2:7; Rev 16:2


10
a boil Deut 28:27


11
Exod 7:11-12, Exod 8:18-19; Isa 47:12-14; 2Tim 3:8-9; Rev 16:2


12
Exod 4:21, Exod 7:13-14; Ps 81:11-12; Rev 16:10-11; Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.


13
Exod 9:1, Exod 7:15, Exod 8:20


14
send all Lev 26:18, Lev 26:21, Lev 26:28; Deut 28:15-17, Deut 28:59-61, Deut 29:20-22, Deut 32:39-42; 1Sam 4:8; 1Kgs 8:38; Jer 19:8; Mic 6:13; Rev 18:8, Rev 22:18

that thou Exod 8:10


15
stretch Exod 9:3, Exod 9:6, Exod 9:16, Exod 3:20

that Exod 11:4-6, Exod 12:29-30

cut off Exod 14:28; 1Kgs 13:34; Prov 2:22


16
deed Exod 14:17; Ps 83:17-18; Prov 16:4; Rom 9:17, Rom 9:22; 1Pet 2:8, 1Pet 2:19; Jude 1:4

raised thee up Heb. made thee stand

for to Exod 14:4, Exod 15:11-16, Exod 18:11; Josh 2:10-11; 1Sam 4:8; Ps 136:10-15

that my 1Chr 16:24; Ps 64:9, Ps 83:17-18; Isa 63:12-14; Mal 1:11, Mal 1:14; Rom 9:17


17
Job 9:4, Job 15:25-26, Job 40:9; Isa 10:15, Isa 26:11, Isa 37:23-24, Isa 37:29, Isa 45:9; Acts 12:23; 1Cor 10:22


18
to morrow 1Kgs 19:2, 1Kgs 20:6; 2Kgs 7:1, 2Kgs 7:18

I will cause This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely anything could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117. Exod 9:22-25; Ps 83:15


19
and gather Hab 3:2

the hail Exod 9:25


20
Prov 16:16, Prov 22:3, Prov 22:23; Jonah 3:5-6; Mark 13:14-16; Heb 11:7


21
regarded not Heb. set not his heart unto, Exod 7:23; 1Sam 4:20 *marg. 1Chr 22:19; Job 7:17, Job 34:14; Prov 24:32 *marg. Ezek 40:4; Dan 10:12


22
Exod 7:19, Exod 8:5, Exod 8:16; Rev 16:21


23
the Lord sent Exod 19:16, Exod 20:18; 1Sam 12:17-18; Job 37:1-5; Ps 29:3, Ps 77:18; Rev 16:18, Rev 16:21

and hail Josh 10:11; Job 38:22-23; Ps 18:13, Ps 78:47-48, Ps 105:32-33, Ps 148:8; Isa 30:30; Ezek 38:22; Rev 8:7


24
none like Exod 9:23, Exod 10:6; Matt 24:21


25
smote every Ps 105:33


26
Exod 8:22-32, Exod 9:4, Exod 9:6, Exod 10:23, Exod 11:7, Exod 12:13; Isa 32:18-19


27
I have Exod 10:16; Num 22:34; 1Sam 15:24, 1Sam 15:30, 1Sam 26:21; Matt 27:4

the Lord 2Chr 12:6; Ps 9:16, Ps 129:4, Ps 145:17; Lam 1:18; Dan 9:14; Rom 2:5, Rom 3:19


28
Entreat Exod 8:8, Exod 8:28, Exod 10:17; Acts 8:24

mighty thunderings Heb. voices of God, Ps 29:3-4

ye shall Exod 11:1


29
spread Exod 9:33; 1Kgs 8:22, 1Kgs 8:38; 2Chr 6:12-13; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13; Ps 143:6; Isa 1:15

that the earth Deut 10:14; Ps 24:1-2, Ps 50:12, Ps 95:4-5, Ps 135:6; 1Cor 10:26, 1Cor 10:28


30
Prov 16:6; Isa 26:10, Isa 63:17


31
flax The word pishteh, flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.

the barley The Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saâr, to stand on end as the hair of the head. Hence seâr, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horreo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. Ruth 1:22, Ruth 2:23; Amos 4:9; Hab 3:17


32
not grown up Heb. hidden, or dark, Exod 10:22


33
spread Exod 9:29, Exod 8:12

and the thunders Exod 10:18-19; Jas 5:17-18


34
saw Exod 8:15; Eccl 8:11

and hardened Exod 4:21, Exod 7:14; 2Chr 28:22, 2Chr 33:23, 2Chr 36:13; Rom 2:4-5


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