Chapter 38
1
am 2265, bc 1739
it came As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem (Gen 33:1). We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time.
turned Gen 19:2-3; Judg 4:18; 2Kgs 4:8; Prov 9:6, Prov 13:20
Adullamite An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. Josh 12:15, Josh 15:35; 1Sam 22:1; 2Sam 23:13; Mic 1:15
2
saw Gen 3:6, Gen 6:2, Gen 24:3, Gen 34:2; Judg 14:2, Judg 16:1; 2Sam 11:2; 2Cor 6:14
Shuah Gen 46:12; 1Chr 2:3, Shua
took Gen 6:4, Gen 24:3
3
am 2266, bc 1738
Er Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
4
am 2267, bc 1737
Onan Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
5
am 2268, bc 1736
Shelah Gen 38:11, Gen 38:26, Gen 46:12; Num 26:20; 1Chr 4:21
Chezib Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited.
6
took Gen 21:21, Gen 24:3
Tamar Matt 1:3
7
Er Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
wicked Gen 6:8, Gen 13:13, Gen 19:13; 2Chr 33:6
and the 1Chr 2:3; Ps 55:23
8
am 2282, bc 1722, Lev 18:16; Num 36:8-9; Deut 25:5-10; Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:5-11; Matt 22:23-27
9
he is, Deut 25:6; Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:10
lest that Job 5:2; Prov 27:4; Titus 3:3; Jas 3:14, Jas 3:16, Jas 4:5
10
displeased Heb. was evil in the eyes of, Num 11:1, Num 22:34; 2Sam 11:27; 1Chr 21:7; Prov 14:32, Prov 24:18; Jer 44:4; Hag 1:13
him also Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
11
till Shelah Ruth 1:11, Ruth 1:13
in her Lev 22:13
12
in process of time Heb. the days were multiplied, comforted. Gen 24:67; 2Sam 13:39, sheep shearers, Gen 31:19; 1Sam 25:4-8, 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:23-29
Timnath Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. Gen 38:1; Josh 15:10, Josh 15:35, Josh 15:37, Timnah, Josh 19:43, Thimnathah, Judg 14:1
14
and sat Prov 7:12; Jer 3:2; Ezek 16:25
an open place Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim, Some think ainayim means "the two fountains," or "double fountain;" while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah (Josh 15:34). So the LXX render it Enan.
Timnath Gen 38:12-13
that Shelah Gen 38:11, Gen 38:26
16
Go to 2Sam 13:11
What wilt Deut 23:18; Ezek 16:33; Matt 26:15; 1Tim 6:10
17
I will Ezek 16:33
a kid Heb. a kid of the goats
Wilt thou Gen 38:20, Gen 38:24-25; Prov 20:16; Luke 16:8
18
Thy signet Chothem, or chothemeth, as in Gen 38:25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Jer 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. Gen 38:25-26; Jer 22:24; Luke 15:22
bracelets Pathil, from pathal, to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX render it by ορμισκον, and Aquila and Symmachus by στρεπτον; and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by armillam. It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet.
gave it her Gen 38:25-26; Hos 4:11
19
laid by her veil Gen 38:14; 2Sam 14:2, 2Sam 14:5
20
his friend Gen 20:9; Lev 19:17; Judg 14:20; 2Sam 13:3; Luke 23:12
21
openly by the way side or, in Enajim, Gen 38:14
23
lest we 2Sam 12:9; Prov 6:33; Rom 6:21; 2Cor 4:2; Eph 5:12; Rev 16:15
be shamed Heb. become a contempt
24
played the harlot Gen 34:31; Judg 19:2; Eccl 7:26; Jer 2:20, Jer 3:1, Jer 3:6, Jer 3:8; Ezek 16:15, Ezek 16:28, Ezek 16:41; Ezek 23:5, Ezek 23:19, Ezek 23:44; Hos 2:5, Hos 3:3, Hos 4:15
let her Gen 20:3, Gen 20:7, Gen 20:9; Lev 20:10, Lev 21:9; Deut 22:21-27, Deut 24:16; 2Sam 12:5, 2Sam 12:7; Jer 29:22-23; Matt 7:1-5; Rom 2:1-2, Rom 14:22
25
Discern Gen 38:18, Gen 37:32; Ps 50:21; Jer 2:26; Rom 2:16; 1Cor 4:5; Rev 20:12
26
acknowledged Gen 37:33
She hath 1Sam 24:17; 2Sam 24:17; Ezek 16:52; Hab 1:13; John 8:9; Rom 3:19
more righteous Not less to blame, but more righteous, because. Gen 38:14
And he knew Gen 4:1; 2Sam 16:22, 2Sam 20:3; Job 4:5, Job 34:31-32, Job 40:5; Matt 3:8; Rom 13:12; Titus 2:11-12; 1Pet 4:2-3
29
am 2283, bc 1721
How hast etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee
his name Gen 46:12; Num 26:20; 1Chr 2:4, 1Chr 9:4; Neh 11:4, Neh 11:6, Perez, Matt 1:3; Luke 3:33, Phares
Pharez i.e. a breach.
30
Zarah 1Chr 9:6, Zerah, Matt 1:3, Zara
1
am 2265, bc 1739
it came As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem (Gen 33:1). We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time.
turned Gen 19:2-3; Judg 4:18; 2Kgs 4:8; Prov 9:6, Prov 13:20
Adullamite An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. Josh 12:15, Josh 15:35; 1Sam 22:1; 2Sam 23:13; Mic 1:15
2
saw Gen 3:6, Gen 6:2, Gen 24:3, Gen 34:2; Judg 14:2, Judg 16:1; 2Sam 11:2; 2Cor 6:14
Shuah Gen 46:12; 1Chr 2:3, Shua
took Gen 6:4, Gen 24:3
3
am 2266, bc 1738
Er Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
4
am 2267, bc 1737
Onan Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
5
am 2268, bc 1736
Shelah Gen 38:11, Gen 38:26, Gen 46:12; Num 26:20; 1Chr 4:21
Chezib Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited.
6
took Gen 21:21, Gen 24:3
Tamar Matt 1:3
7
Er Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
wicked Gen 6:8, Gen 13:13, Gen 19:13; 2Chr 33:6
and the 1Chr 2:3; Ps 55:23
8
am 2282, bc 1722, Lev 18:16; Num 36:8-9; Deut 25:5-10; Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:5-11; Matt 22:23-27
9
he is, Deut 25:6; Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:10
lest that Job 5:2; Prov 27:4; Titus 3:3; Jas 3:14, Jas 3:16, Jas 4:5
10
displeased Heb. was evil in the eyes of, Num 11:1, Num 22:34; 2Sam 11:27; 1Chr 21:7; Prov 14:32, Prov 24:18; Jer 44:4; Hag 1:13
him also Gen 46:12; Num 26:19
11
till Shelah Ruth 1:11, Ruth 1:13
in her Lev 22:13
12
in process of time Heb. the days were multiplied, comforted. Gen 24:67; 2Sam 13:39, sheep shearers, Gen 31:19; 1Sam 25:4-8, 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:23-29
Timnath Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. Gen 38:1; Josh 15:10, Josh 15:35, Josh 15:37, Timnah, Josh 19:43, Thimnathah, Judg 14:1
14
and sat Prov 7:12; Jer 3:2; Ezek 16:25
an open place Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim, Some think ainayim means "the two fountains," or "double fountain;" while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah (Josh 15:34). So the LXX render it Enan.
Timnath Gen 38:12-13
that Shelah Gen 38:11, Gen 38:26
16
Go to 2Sam 13:11
What wilt Deut 23:18; Ezek 16:33; Matt 26:15; 1Tim 6:10
17
I will Ezek 16:33
a kid Heb. a kid of the goats
Wilt thou Gen 38:20, Gen 38:24-25; Prov 20:16; Luke 16:8
18
Thy signet Chothem, or chothemeth, as in Gen 38:25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Jer 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. Gen 38:25-26; Jer 22:24; Luke 15:22
bracelets Pathil, from pathal, to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX render it by ορμισκον, and Aquila and Symmachus by στρεπτον; and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by armillam. It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet.
gave it her Gen 38:25-26; Hos 4:11
19
laid by her veil Gen 38:14; 2Sam 14:2, 2Sam 14:5
20
his friend Gen 20:9; Lev 19:17; Judg 14:20; 2Sam 13:3; Luke 23:12
21
openly by the way side or, in Enajim, Gen 38:14
23
lest we 2Sam 12:9; Prov 6:33; Rom 6:21; 2Cor 4:2; Eph 5:12; Rev 16:15
be shamed Heb. become a contempt
24
played the harlot Gen 34:31; Judg 19:2; Eccl 7:26; Jer 2:20, Jer 3:1, Jer 3:6, Jer 3:8; Ezek 16:15, Ezek 16:28, Ezek 16:41; Ezek 23:5, Ezek 23:19, Ezek 23:44; Hos 2:5, Hos 3:3, Hos 4:15
let her Gen 20:3, Gen 20:7, Gen 20:9; Lev 20:10, Lev 21:9; Deut 22:21-27, Deut 24:16; 2Sam 12:5, 2Sam 12:7; Jer 29:22-23; Matt 7:1-5; Rom 2:1-2, Rom 14:22
25
Discern Gen 38:18, Gen 37:32; Ps 50:21; Jer 2:26; Rom 2:16; 1Cor 4:5; Rev 20:12
26
acknowledged Gen 37:33
She hath 1Sam 24:17; 2Sam 24:17; Ezek 16:52; Hab 1:13; John 8:9; Rom 3:19
more righteous Not less to blame, but more righteous, because. Gen 38:14
And he knew Gen 4:1; 2Sam 16:22, 2Sam 20:3; Job 4:5, Job 34:31-32, Job 40:5; Matt 3:8; Rom 13:12; Titus 2:11-12; 1Pet 4:2-3
29
am 2283, bc 1721
How hast etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee
his name Gen 46:12; Num 26:20; 1Chr 2:4, 1Chr 9:4; Neh 11:4, Neh 11:6, Perez, Matt 1:3; Luke 3:33, Phares
Pharez i.e. a breach.
30
Zarah 1Chr 9:6, Zerah, Matt 1:3, Zara